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Gipsy Moth IV
''Gipsy Moth IV'' is a yawl that Sir Francis Chichester commissioned specifically to sail single-handed around the globe, racing against the times set by the clipper ships of the 19th century. The name, the fourth boat in his series, all named ''Gipsy Moth,'' originated from the de Havilland Gipsy Moth aircraft in which Chichester completed pioneering work in aerial navigation techniques.
==Background and design==
After being nursed back to health from a suspected lung abscess by his wife, Chichester undertook two single-handed Transatlantic races from Plymouth to New York in 1960 and 1964 in ''Gipsy Moth III''. He won the '60 race and was runner-up in the '64 race. During the '64 race he became inspired to challenge the times set by the tea and wool clipper ships. The clippers took an average of 123 days to make their passage, so Chichester set himself the target of making the passage in 100 days. The maximum speed of a yacht is directly related to its wetted length: ''Gipsy Moth IV'' is overall, whereas a clipper ship such as ''Cutty Sark'' is . He subsequently wrote his book ''Along the Clipper Way'', which charts the voyage taken by 19th century wool clippers returning from Australia.
In 1965 Chichester commissioned Gosport-based ship yard Camper and Nicholsons to build the boat, designed by John Illingworth and Angus Primrose. Launched in March 1966, she is on the waterline and overall, with a hull constructed of cold-moulded Honduras mahogany. The scheduled displacement (to follow Chichester's requirements of maximum weight) was 10.4 tons, after trials increased by 1 ton of added ballast to cope with insufficient righting moment. Yawl rigged, she has a sail area of , extendable with a spinnaker to over . The boat incorporated the maximum amount of sail for the minimum amount of rigging, whilst employing tiller based self-steering using design principles established by Blondie Hasler that could enable steerage from the skipper's bunk, essential for solo sailing for a voyage of this length.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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